1. Make the following problems:

 

a. if an atom has 19 protons

 

-what is the atomic number?   *19

 

-what is the symbol?    *Potassium-K

 

b. If the atomic mass is 65 and the atomic number 30

 

-how many neutrons does the atom have?   *35

 

c.If an atom has 68 neutrons and the atomic mass is 118

 

-how many electrons does the atom have?   *50

 

2.Draw Pauli Triangle and make the electronic configuration and write: Group, period, number of levels:

 

a. Hydrogen, Z : 1, 1s1    period: 1     group: 1A     number of levels: 1

 

b. Carbon, Z : 6, 1s2 2s2 2p2    period:2    group: 4A     number of levels: 2 

 

c. Oxygen, Z : 8,  1S2 2S2 2P4    period: 2    group: 6A    number of levels: 2

 

d. Sodium, Z : 11, 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1   period: 3   group:   number of levels: 3

 

e. Chlorine, Z : 17,  1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5  period: 2   group: 6A   number of levels: 3

 

3.Using Dalton's,Thomson's,Rutherford's,Bohr's models and the modern model explain the evolution of the atom.

 

Greek philosophers talked about the atom but Dalton was the first to prove it's existance with his theory, this theory said that all matter is composed of  invisible things called atoms. After that, Thomson discovered the electrons which have negative charges and that were around the atom, he also proved that the atoms have a positive charge. Rutherford updated that theory with his theory of a nucleous inside the atom and that nucleus had a proton which was a positively charged particle. Bohr discovered energy levels around the atom on where the electrons moved through. The modern model uses the theories of these scientists to create the actual model. Atoms exist and have a positively charged nucleus with protons and neutrons, it is also surrounded by energy levels which electrons move around. \

 

4.Draw the structure of an Oxygen atom, including: Nucleus, orbits, protons, neutrons and electrons.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.Define: Atomic Mass, Atomic number, Isotopes, level, sublevel.

 

Atomic Mass: The number of Protons plus the number of Neutrons.

 

Atomic Number: The amount of Protons.

 

Isotopes: Atoms of the same element that have different atomic mass.

 

Level: Levels are where the electrons are found , they are refered as K,L,M,N,O,P,Q, levels are divided in 7 main levels.

 

Sublevels: A sublevel is an electron orbital. Sublevels are designated s, p, d or f. 

 

6.How is the electronic table organized?

                           I                 II                III              IV                 V               VI              VII          VIII

 

                          H                                                                                          He

 

                    Li                                                                                          Ne

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                       Metals                                Metalloids                            Non-Metals